This is the popular Woodies CCI indicator, which was made popular by ken wood (25+ years trading experience) founder of the Woodie CCI club which is a large community of traders. There's actually a full system behind this indicator which I have personal never tried but a Google search will present a lot of information on the topic.
This indicator is just a modified version of the original CCI indicator. The CCI itself is a momentum indicator. Such indicators all work in the same basic fashion - plot the difference between a "fast" measure of price and a "slow" measure. In the case of the CCI, the "fast" measure is the price itself, and the "slow" measure is a moving average. Thus when we look at the CCI, what we are actually seeing is a measurement of the deviation of price from its moving average, normalised to fit on a scale of roughly -200 to +200.
Typically, traders of Woodies system trade very short timescales - 3 or 5 minute charts being common. I do NOT trade the Woodies system so I personal can't comment on it.